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Thorium concentration in Pakistani diet.

P Akhter1, S Iqbal, S D Orfi

  • 1Health Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Health Physics
|June 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study measured thorium levels in Pakistani diets, finding concentrations from 1.6 to 12 ng/g. The estimated median daily intake and effective doses were below international recommendations, suggesting low radiation risk from dietary thorium.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiological Health
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Assessing public radiation exposure from naturally occurring radioactive materials is crucial.
  • Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive element present in the environment and food.
  • Understanding dietary intake is key to evaluating potential health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine thorium concentrations in a typical Pakistani diet.
  • To evaluate radiation doses from ingested thorium for the general public in Pakistan.
  • To compare dietary thorium intake with established international guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Food samples were collected nationwide using the market basket method.
  • Typical daily diets were prepared from collected food samples.

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  • Thorium concentration was quantified using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).

    • Main Results:

    • Thorium concentration in the Pakistani diet ranged from 1.6 ng/g to 12 ng/g, with a median of 4.6 ng/g.
    • The median daily thorium intake was 2.7 µg/day, and the geometric mean was 2.6 µg/day.
    • Average 232Th intake was 10 mBq/day, with estimated annual effective dose of 8.8 x 10⁻⁷ Sv and committed effective dose of 4.4 x 10⁻⁵ Sv for adults.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary thorium intake in Pakistan is within acceptable limits.
    • The estimated radiation doses are below levels of significant concern according to international standards.
    • Baseline data on dietary thorium is established for future public health monitoring in the region.