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Related Experiment Videos

Urinary bladder lesions induced by persistent chronic low-dose ionizing radiation.

Alina Romanenko1, Keiichirou Morimura, Hideki Wanibuchi

  • 1Department of Pathology, Institute of Urology, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. fukuchan@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp

Cancer Science
|June 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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Chronic exposure to cesium 137 radiation following the Chernobyl accident is linked to urinary bladder lesions and cancer. This study identifies "Chernobyl cystitis" and molecular changes in affected individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Urinary bladder cancer incidence rose in Ukraine post-Chernobyl.
  • Cesium 137 ((137)Cs) contamination is a concern in affected regions.
  • Previous studies suggest oxidative stress plays a role in radiation-induced lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate radiation-dependent lesions in the urinary bladders of individuals in (137)Cs-contaminated areas.
  • To investigate molecular changes associated with these lesions.
  • To define a condition termed "Chernobyl cystitis."

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of bladder urothelial biopsies from 164 patients.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) subunits (p50, p65).

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  • Measurement of urinary (137)Cs levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Common findings included chronic proliferative atypical cystitis and sclerosis.
    • Increased incidences of dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and small urothelial carcinomas were observed.
    • Elevated expression of p38 MAPK, p50, and p65 was detected in urothelium with increased urinary (137)Cs.

    Conclusions:

    • The study defines "Chernobyl cystitis" as a condition linked to chronic low-dose (137)Cs exposure.
    • Increased oxidative stress is implicated in the development of urothelial lesions.
    • Alterations in the p38 MAPK cascade and NF-kappa B accumulation are likely early pathogenic events.