Recent advances and new directions in the discovery and development of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
1Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK. pfischer@cyclacel.com
Abstract:
The eukaryotic cell division cycle is coordinated by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) and cyclin subunits specific for the different phases of the cycle. These complexes phosphorylate target substrates, including the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (pRb) and related proteins. Cellular neoplastic transformations are accompanied by loss of regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, frequently through aberrant expression of CDKs and cyclins, as well as loss or mutation of their negative regulators. Consequently, one strategy in the development of mechanism-based anticancer therapeutics has been to halt malignant cellular proliferation through inhibition of the enzymatic activity of CDKs. The development of inhibitors selective for the ATP binding sites of particular protein kinases is a comparatively recent medicinal chemistry endeavor. Advances relevant to CDK inhibition are reviewed critically and alternative approaches to CDK inhibition, as well as applications of CDK inhibitors to therapeutic areas other than oncology, are also discussed.
Insights
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell division. Inhibiting CDKs halts cancer cell proliferation, offering a therapeutic strategy. This review covers CDK inhibitor development and applications beyond oncology.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Oncology
Background:
- The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins.
- Dysregulation of CDKs and cyclins is a hallmark of cancer, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
- Targeting CDK activity is a key strategy for developing mechanism-based anticancer therapeutics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review advances in the development of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.
- To discuss alternative approaches to CDK inhibition.
- To explore therapeutic applications of CDK inhibitors beyond oncology.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on CDK inhibitors.
- Critical analysis of medicinal chemistry endeavors in selective kinase inhibition.
- Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting cell cycle regulation.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been made in developing inhibitors selective for the ATP binding sites of CDKs.
- Various alternative strategies for CDK inhibition are being explored.
- CDK inhibitors show potential therapeutic applications in non-oncology fields.
Conclusions:
- Inhibiting CDK enzymatic activity is a promising strategy to halt malignant cellular proliferation.
- Medicinal chemistry is advancing the development of selective CDK inhibitors.
- The therapeutic potential of CDK inhibitors extends to diseases beyond cancer.
Related Concept Videos
Positive Regulator Molecules
Positive Regulator Molecules
Inhibition of Cdk Activity
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Inhibition of CDK Activity
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...


