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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere.

H T Su¹, R R Hsu, A B Chen

¹Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70148, Taiwan. htsu@phys.ncku.edu.tw

|June 27, 2003

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gigantic jets directly link thunderclouds to the ionosphere, revealing a new component of Earth's global electric circuit. These discharges, unlike lightning, reduce electrical potential, necessitating a revised understanding of atmospheric electricity.

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric physics
Aeronomy
Electromagnetism

Background:

Earth's global electric circuit conventionally includes thunderstorms, ionosphere, and currents.
Transient luminous events like sprites and blue jets occur between clouds and the ionosphere.
The complete components of the global electric circuit were not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of gigantic jets in Earth's global electric circuit.
To determine the electrical connection between thunderclouds and the ionosphere.
To understand the generation mechanisms of extremely-low-frequency radio waves during these events.

Main Methods:

Observation of five gigantic jet events.
Detection of extremely-low-frequency (ELF) radio waves.
Analysis of atmospheric electrical discharges between cloud and ionosphere.

Main Results:

Gigantic jets were observed directly connecting thunderclouds (16 km) to the ionosphere (90 km).
Extremely-low-frequency radio waves were detected during four events, indicating negative cloud-to-ionosphere discharges.
No cloud-to-ground lightning preceded these gigantic jet events.

Conclusions:

Gigantic jets represent a significant pathway in the global electric circuit.
These discharges reduce the electrical potential between the ionosphere and ground.
The conventional model of the global electric circuit requires modification to include gigantic jets and sprites.