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Features of the developing brain.

Férechté Encha-Razavi1, Pascale Sonigo

  • 1Service Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France. ferechte.razavi@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|June 27, 2003
PubMed
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Fetal brain development involves distinct stages, with the first half of gestation focusing on neural tube formation and early brain structure development. The latter half is marked by significant cerebral hemisphere growth and the formation of gyri, indicating fetal maturation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate fetal brain evaluation requires understanding the timing and characteristics of nervous system development during gestation.
  • Key developmental milestones include neurulation, cerebral vesicle differentiation, and neuronogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical developmental stages of the fetal brain.
  • To identify reliable markers of fetal maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established timelines in fetal neurodevelopment.
  • Analysis of histological features and their temporal appearance/disappearance.

Main Results:

  • The first half of gestation is characterized by neurulation, primary cerebral vesicle differentiation, and neuronogenesis.

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  • The second half sees substantial cerebral hemisphere growth, gyral formation, and narrowing of the ventricular system.
  • Transient histological features like the superficial granular layer and Cajal-Retzius cells are present early and disappear by term.

    • Conclusions:

    • Gyral formation is a reliable indicator of fetal maturation, following a predictable schedule.
    • Neuronal migration continues until germinal layer extinction, with the ganglionic eminence being a temporary structure.
    • Understanding these developmental processes is crucial for fetal brain evaluation.