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Organic cation transporters.

H Koepsell1, B M Schmitt, V Gorboulev

  • 1Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. Hermann@Koepsell.de

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology
|June 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This review surveys organic cation transporters, detailing their roles in transporting essential compounds and drugs. Understanding these transporters, including polyspecific types like SLC22 family members, is crucial for clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Organic cations, including neurotransmitters and drugs, are transported by specific protein systems.
  • Transporters can be oligospecific (one substrate) or polyspecific (diverse substrates).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cloned organic cation transporters and their functional models.
  • To detail the distribution, substrate specificity, and regulation of polyspecific transporters, particularly the SLC22 family.

Main Methods:

  • Functional and molecular characterization of organic cation transporters.
  • Review of literature on cloned transporters, including SLC6, SLC5, SLC19, and SLC22 families.
  • Analysis of mutations and polymorphisms in SLC22 transporters.

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Main Results:

  • Identification and characterization of various organic cation transporters.
  • Detailed presentation of SLC22 family transporters (OCT1-3, OCTN1-2) including their properties.
  • Insights into transporter function derived from mutation studies.

Conclusions:

  • Organic cation transporters form an integrated framework in hepatocytes and renal cells.
  • Polyspecific transporters, especially SLC22 family members, are key targets for drug development.
  • Knowledge of transporter polymorphisms and mutations has significant clinical potential.