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Antigen selection and presentation to protect against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus
L Enjuanes1, C Suñé, F Gebauer
1Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC-Univ. Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
Veterinary Microbiology
|November 1, 1992
Summary
The antigenic structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) S glycoproteins was mapped. Key antigenic sites A and D are crucial for TGEV neutralization and may offer protection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The S glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) plays a critical role in viral entry and antigenicity.
- Understanding the antigenic structure is essential for developing effective vaccines and antiviral strategies against these economically significant swine viruses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine and correlate the antigenic structure of TGEV and PRCV S glycoproteins with their physical structure.
- To identify key antigenic sites involved in viral neutralization and potential protection.
- To investigate the genetic variability and develop strategies for inducing secretory immunity against TGEV.
Main Methods:
- Defined four antigenic sites (A, B, C, D) on the S glycoproteins.
- Utilized synthetic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies to represent complex antigenic sites.
- Constructed an epidemiological tree and estimated mutation fixation rates.
- Employed virulent Salmonella typhimurium and adenovirus vectors to express S gene segments for inducing secretory immunity.
Main Results:
- Identified antigenic sites A and D as dominant for TGEV neutralization in vitro, with site A being highly conserved across species.
- Demonstrated that PRCV lacks antigenic sites B and C due to a genomic deletion.
- Estimated a mutation fixation rate of 7 +/- 2 x 10(-4) substitutions/nucleotide/year for TGEV-related coronaviruses, similar to other RNA viruses.
- Showcased the potential of Salmonella typhimurium and adenovirus vectors for inducing secretory immunity against TGEV.
Conclusions:
- Antigenic sites A and D are critical targets for TGEV neutralization and may be relevant for in vivo protection.
- The genomic deletion in PRCV affects its antigenic profile.
- TGEV-related coronaviruses exhibit genetic variability comparable to other RNA viruses.
- Engineered viral vectors show promise for developing effective vaccines against TGEV.