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Periodic breathing at high altitude
Andrew C Fowler1, G P Kalamangalam
1Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, 24-29 St. Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. fowler@maths.ox.ac.uk
Summary
This study models periodic breathing, a respiratory pattern linked to heart disease and high altitudes. The research uses a mathematical model to explore fast dynamics of arterial carbon dioxide levels.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Mathematical Modeling
- Respiratory Control
Background:
- Periodic breathing, including Cheyne-Stokes breathing, is associated with cardiovascular diseases and can occur in healthy individuals at high altitudes.
- Cheyne-Stokes breathing typically has a period of approximately one minute, while high-altitude periodic breathing periods are shorter (15-20 s).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamics of periodic breathing using a mathematical model.
- To focus on the fast dynamics of arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in respiratory control.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Grodins et al. (1967) model for respiratory control.
- Incorporated a ventilation response to blood CO2 concentration, modulated by reduced oxygen pressure (the 'Oxford fan').
- Focused on arterial CO2 dynamics, generalizing the Mackey-Glass model.
Main Results:
- The model captures the fast dynamics of arterial CO2 in periodic breathing.
- The 'Oxford fan' concept modulates ventilation based on oxygen levels.
- The model serves as a generalization of simpler models like the Mackey-Glass model.
Conclusions:
- The developed model provides insights into the mechanisms of periodic breathing, particularly at high altitudes.
- The focus on arterial CO2 dynamics offers a new perspective compared to previous models emphasizing brain CO2.
- This approach advances the understanding of respiratory control under varying physiological conditions.
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