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Diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of acute leukemia
1Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Objective:
To review the clinical presentation, current methods of diagnosis and classification, treatment modalities, and novel treatment approaches of acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia.
Data Sources:
Professional journals, web sites, and books.
Conclusion:
The incidence of acute leukemia is increasing. As the population ages, it is anticipated that an even greater number will be diagnosed with this malignancy. The development of monoclonal antibodies, the recognition of the benefit of graft versus leukemia effect, and targeted therapies have improved overall survival rates. Still, age remains a significant prognostic variable. More research is needed to improve both the quality and the quantity of life for these patients.
Implications For Nursing Practice:
Nurses must understand the rationale and implications of each phase of treatment to educate patients, administer treatments, manage side effects, and provide support throughout the continuum of care.