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The abdominal compartment syndrome.

R Reis1, P Labas, M Vician

  • 1Ist Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. reis.richard@pobox.sk

Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
|July 2, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) involves dangerous physiological changes from increased intra-abdominal pressure. Diagnosis requires clinical recognition and bladder pressure measurement, with treatment involving fluid resuscitation and surgical decompression.

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Surgical pathology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a recently recognized clinical entity.
  • It is characterized by adverse physiological consequences due to acute increases in intra-abdominal pressure.
  • Common etiologies include hemorrhage, visceral edema, pancreatitis, and bowel distension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define abdominal compartment syndrome.
  • To outline its common causes and affected organ systems.
  • To describe diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical recognition of the syndrome.
  • Objective measurement of intra-abdominal pressure, preferably via urinary bladder.
  • Review of common causes and affected organ systems.

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Main Results:

  • ACS results from acute increases in intra-abdominal pressure.
  • Cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, central nervous, and splanchnic systems are primarily affected.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Abdominal compartment syndrome necessitates prompt recognition and management.
  • Intra-abdominal pressure measurement is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Treatment involves fluid resuscitation and surgical decompression when indicated.