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Biointervention makes leather processing greener: an integrated cleansing and tanning system.

Palanisamy Thanikaivelan1, Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Balachandran Unni Nair

  • 1Chemical Laboratory, Centre for Leather Apparels & Accessories Development, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India.

Environmental Science & Technology
|July 2, 2003
PubMed
Summary

A new biocatalytic three-step leather processing method significantly reduces pollution. This eco-friendly approach achieves comparable leather quality while cutting chemical usage and waste discharge by up to 90%.

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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Biocatalysis in Material Processing
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Conventional leather processing generates substantial pollutants and solid waste, primarily from pretanning and tanning stages.
  • Traditional methods involve wide pH variations, contributing over 90% of the total pollution load.
  • Significant solid wastes, including lime and chrome sludge, are byproducts of current practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an environmentally friendly and economically viable leather processing technique.
  • To reduce the pollution load and chemical consumption in leather manufacturing.
  • To achieve comparable leather quality with reduced environmental impact.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biocatalysts for dehairing and fiber opening at pH 8.0 for cow hides.

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  • Implemented a pickle-free chrome tanning process, eliminating the need for basification.
  • Employed a streamlined three-step process: dehairing, fiber opening, and tanning.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved comparable hair removal, fiber opening, and chromium penetration/distribution to conventional methods.
    • Leather quality, including softness and physical performance, was on par with conventionally processed leather.
    • Demonstrated significant reductions in pollution load: 80% less chemical oxygen demand, 85% less total solids, and 80% less chromium.

    Conclusions:

    • The biocatalytic three-step tanning process is a sustainable alternative to conventional leather processing.
    • The method significantly reduces environmental impact, approaching zero discharge goals.
    • The process is technoeconomically viable, offering reduced chemical usage and waste generation.