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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Imaging of the spine in sports medicine
Gary M Hollenberg1, Anton O Beitia, Raymond K Tan
1University or Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University Medical Imaging, 4901 Lac De Ville Boulevard, Suite 140, Building D, Rochester, NY 14618, USA. ghollen1@rochester.rr.com
Abstract:
Much controversy exists surrounding the utility of plain film, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of sports-related spine injuries. The articles reviewed here offer several different perspectives. Cervical spine radiography, return-to-play criteria following cervical trauma, lumbar pain and pars injuries, utility of MRI in acute sports injuries, and sports-specific injuries are reviewed. The relationship between bone mineral density and sports activity is also reviewed.
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