Nickel allergy and orthodontics

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics
• Allergy and Immunology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Nickel is a frequent cause of contact dermatitis in orthodontic patients.
• Nickel-titanium and stainless steel alloys are commonly used in orthodontic appliances.
• Nickel-titanium alloys can release significant nickel, potentially triggering allergic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the diagnosis of nickel allergy in orthodontic patients.
• To identify and describe nickel-free or low-nickel alternatives for orthodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on nickel allergy in orthodontics.
• Analysis of nickel content and release from common orthodontic alloys.
• Identification of alternative biocompatible materials.

Main Results:

• Nickel-titanium alloys have high nickel content and can release nickel ions.
• Stainless steel orthodontic components have low nickel content and are unlikely to cause hypersensitivity due to nickel binding.
• Nickel-free and low-nickel alternatives are available for patients with diagnosed nickel allergy.

Conclusions:

• Nickel allergy is a significant concern in orthodontics, primarily linked to nickel-titanium alloys.
• Stainless steel is generally safe for patients with nickel allergy.
• Management of nickel allergy in orthodontics involves accurate diagnosis and use of alternative materials.