IgA nephropathy presenting clinical features of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis are common forms of primary glomerulonephritis in children. This paper reports a 5-year-old Omani boy who had a chance occurrence of these two different glomerular diseases. Our patient presented with clinical features of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and then developed recurrent macroscopic hematuria, polyarthritis, bloody diarrhea, and erythematous swelling of the penis. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse mesangial hypercellularity, with focal glomerular sclerosis, fibrous crescents, and mesangial IgA and C3 deposits, consistent with IgA nephropathy. The clinical features and differential diagnosis are outlined.