Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in young children

Oral infections caused by herpes simplex type 1 are widespread, even among otherwise healthy people. While most of these herpetic infections are asymptomatic, young children are at risk for developing extensive oropharyngeal vesicular eruptions when first infected with the virus. This initial outbreak is known as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Although a self-limiting disease, this oral infection can cause significant mouth discomfort, fever, lymphadenopathy, and difficulty with eating and drinking. Symptoms may persist for 2 weeks. Diagnosis can be made clinically and confirmed by laboratory tests. Some young children require hospitalization for management of dehydration and pain control. Pediatric nurses working in both primary and acute care settings will encounter this oral infection in young children. Antiviral therapy with acyclovir has proven effective in the management of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Providing supportive care and educating parents about transmission of the virus are important aspects of nursing care.