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Related Experiment Videos

Factors affecting ballasted flocculation reactions.

James C Young1, Findlay G Edwards

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. jcy@engr.uark.edu

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|July 3, 2003
PubMed
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Ballasted flocculation enhances water treatment by adding microsand to flocs, significantly increasing settling rates. This innovative method allows for smaller treatment units and reduced costs.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Ballasted flocculation is an emerging technology for water and wastewater treatment.
  • It involves adding a high-density microsand ballasting agent to coagulated suspensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of eight parameters on the settling velocity of ballasted flocs.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of ballasted flocculation in water treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted tests to determine the effect of independent parameters on floc settling velocity.
  • Measured settling velocities for various particle sizes.

Main Results:

  • Settling velocities ranged from 100 m/h (0.5 mm) to 380 m/h (7 mm).

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  • Ballasted flocs exhibited larger sizes, greater roundness, and lower shape factors, enhancing settling rates.
  • Settling velocities aligned with conventional settling theory for discrete particles and flocs.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ballasted flocculation offers improved settling rates due to optimized floc characteristics.
    • The technology enables smaller sedimentation units and reduced capital expenditure in water treatment facilities.