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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos
08:42

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Published on: February 19, 2016

Calcium signalling during embryonic development.

Sarah E Webb1, Andrew L Miller

  • 1Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PRC.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|July 3, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryos utilize a versatile calcium (Ca2+) signaling system for robust communication and control. This ubiquitous system operates across subcellular and pan-embryonic distances, ensuring information integrity in dynamic developmental environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell signaling
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Embryonic development relies on complex communication and control systems.
  • These systems must be adaptable and resilient to dynamic environments.
  • Many signaling molecules fluctuate, but a persistent system is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hypothetical design for an integrated communication-control system in embryos.
  • To highlight the essential properties of such a system, including flexibility and robustness.
  • To identify the key molecular components underlying embryonic signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual design specification for an embryonic communication-control system.
  • Analysis of signaling requirements at subcellular and pan-embryonic levels.
  • Review of known signaling molecules and their roles in development.

Main Results:

  • A hypothetical system requires both short-range (subcellular) and long-range (pan-embryonic) communication.
  • The system must be flexible yet robust to maintain signal fidelity.
  • Calcium ion (Ca2+) emerges as a ubiquitous, persistent, and versatile signaling messenger.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) is a fundamental component of a persistent, versatile embryonic signaling network.
  • This Ca2+-based system is critical for maintaining information integrity during development.
  • The proposed design underscores the importance of robust signaling in dynamic embryonic environments.