Orbital prefrontal cortex and guidance of instrumental behaviour in rats under reversal conditions

The orbital prefrontal cortex (OPFC) is suggested to be part of a circuitry mediating the perception of reward and the initiation of adaptive behavioural responses. In the present study, we investigated in rats changes of goal-directed behaviour after bilateral OPFC-lesions by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in more detail. A reaction time (RT) task was used which is sensitive to subtle changes in discriminative guidance of instrumental behaviour by the anticipated reward magnitudes. The task demands conditioned lever release triggered by an imperative stimulus. The upcoming reward magnitude (five or one food pellet) for each trial was randomly chosen and signalled in advance by distinct instructive stimuli. In trained rats, RTs of instrumental responses were determined by the two distinct stimulus-reward magnitude contingencies, i.e. RTs were shorter to the instructive stimulus predictive of the higher reward magnitude. Results show that lesions of the OPFC did not impair discriminative guidance of behavioural responses according to preoperatively acquired stimulus-reward magnitude contingencies. However, guidance of instrumental behaviour was altered in lesioned rats after a reversal of the stimulus-reward magnitude contingencies. The data add further support to the hypothesis that the rat OPFC is not involved in retrieval of acquired stimulus-reward magnitude contingencies but in integration of incentive information to guide behaviour after a reversal of stimulus-reward contingencies.