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Management of diabetic and hypertensive cardiovascular disease
Edward D Frohlich1, James R Sowers
1Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1516 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. efrohlich@ochsner.org
Insights
Essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus often coexist. Recent advances in pharmacologic agents, guided by large studies, effectively treat cardiovascular and renal complications, potentially reversing target-organ damage.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus frequently occur together, posing significant health challenges.
- Cardiovascular and renal complications are common comorbidities in patients with both conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advancements in treating cardiovascular and renal complications associated with hypertension and diabetes.
- To highlight the role of evidence-based medicine and pharmacologic interventions in managing these comorbidities.
Main Methods:
- Review of large multicenter studies and evidence-based medicine data.
- Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms linking hypertension, diabetes, and target-organ damage.
- Evaluation of pharmacologic agents targeting these mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Modern treatments demonstrate effectiveness in retarding the progression of target-organ involvement.
- Therapeutic strategies show potential for reversing existing organ damage.
- Pharmacologic interventions are crucial in managing the interplay between hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Integrated treatment approaches targeting pathophysiologic mechanisms improve outcomes for patients with hypertension and diabetes.
- Effective management can reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality.
- Advances in pharmacotherapy offer promise for better long-term prognosis and reduced endpoints.
Abstract:
The simultaneous occurrence of essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus is exceedingly common. In recent years the treatment of the cardiovascular and renal complications has not only become more specific but more effective. The evidence-based medicine data have been provided through many large multicenter studies and strongly support the promise not only of effective treatment in retarding the progression of target-organ involvement, but also the potential of reversal. These dramatic therapeutic improvements have been made possible by wedding the involved pathophysiologic disease mechanisms with the actions of pharmacologic agents. Inherent in this concept is the promise of retarding the development of the cardiovascular and renal morbid events and also reducing their associated mortal endpoints.