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Effect of aging on human muscle architecture
M V Narici1, C N Maganaris, N D Reeves
1Centre for Biophysical and Clinical Research into Human Movement (CRM Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager Campus, Alsager, ST7 2HL, Cheshire, UK. m.narici@mmu.ac.uk
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 8, 2003
Summary
Aging significantly reduces gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle size and fascicle length in older men. These changes in muscle architecture impact overall muscle function in elderly individuals.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Skeletal Muscle Physiology
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- Aging is associated with muscle loss and functional decline.
- Understanding age-related changes in muscle architecture is crucial for maintaining mobility and health in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of aging on the morphometric properties of the human gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle.
- To compare muscle architecture between young and elderly physically active men.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated 14 young (27-42 yr) and 16 older (70-81 yr) men matched for physical activity.
- Measured anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) and volume (Vol) using computerized tomography.
- Assessed fascicle length (Lf) and pennation angle (theta) via ultrasonography.
Main Results:
- Elderly men showed significantly smaller GM ACSA (19.1%) and Vol (25.4%) compared to young men.
- Fascicle length (Lf) and pennation angle (theta) were also reduced in the elderly group by 10.2% and 13.2%, respectively.
- Calculated physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was 15.2% smaller in older adults due to reduced Vol and Lf.
Conclusions:
- Aging significantly alters skeletal muscle architecture, specifically in the gastrocnemius medialis.
- These structural changes in muscle volume and fascicle length likely contribute to age-related declines in muscle function.
- The findings highlight the impact of aging on muscle morphology and its functional consequences.