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Insulin autoimmunity: prediction/precipitation/prevention type 1A diabetes
George S Eisenbarth1, Hiroaki Moriyama, David T Robles
1Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, B-140, Denver, CO 80262, USA. george.eisenbarth@uchsc.edu
Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 10, 2003
Summary
Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmunity against insulin, the sole identified beta cell autoantigen. Therapies using insulin peptides show promise for preventing type 1 diabetes in humans.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes Research
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
- Insulin is the only known beta cell-specific autoantigen implicated in T1D pathogenesis.
- Autoimmunity against insulin is a hallmark of T1D in both non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of insulin as a target autoantigen in type 1 diabetes.
- To explore the potential of insulin-based therapies for T1D prevention.
- To highlight the current status of clinical trials investigating insulin peptide therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on T1D autoimmunity and insulin.
- Analysis of studies using insulin peptides in animal models of T1D.
- Examination of ongoing clinical trials for T1D prevention therapies.
Main Results:
- Autoantibodies to insulin can predict T1D development.
- Insulin and its peptides can induce autoantibodies, insulitis, and diabetes in experimental models.
- Insulin-based strategies have demonstrated efficacy in preventing diabetes in animal models.
Conclusions:
- Insulin is a critical autoantigen and a viable target for T1D prevention strategies.
- Therapeutic approaches utilizing insulin peptides are advancing, with several human trials currently in progress.
- The development of T1D prevention therapies targeting insulin is a promising area of research.