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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population.

Jun-ichi Kira1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. kira@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp <kira@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp>

The Lancet. Neurology
|July 10, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Opticospinal multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asia selectively affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. This distinct MS subtype, prevalent in Japan, differs immunologically and genetically from conventional MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents uniquely in Asian populations, often as opticospinal MS (OSMS).
  • OSMS is characterized by severe optic nerve and spinal cord involvement, distinct from conventional MS.
  • Prevalence rates of MS are generally lower in Asian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the characteristics of opticospinal MS in Asian populations.
  • To compare OSMS with conventional MS regarding clinical, radiological, and immunological features.
  • To investigate the genetic associations and potential distinct immune mechanisms of OSMS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical data, including age at onset, sex ratio, and relapse rates.
  • Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings for brain and spinal cord lesions.

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  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for oligoclonal bands and pleocytosis.
  • Immunological assessment of T-helper and T-cytotoxic cell responses.
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing to identify genetic associations.

    • Main Results:

    • OSMS shows a higher age at onset and female-to-male ratio compared to conventional MS.
    • MRI reveals few brain lesions but extensive spinal cord lesions in OSMS.
    • CSF analysis in OSMS indicates pleocytosis and absence of oligoclonal bands.
    • OSMS is associated with HLA-DPB1*0501, unlike conventional MS (HLA-DRB1*1501).
    • A rising ratio of conventional MS to OSMS is observed in younger Japanese generations.

    Conclusions:

    • Opticospinal MS represents a distinct subtype with unique clinical and immunological profiles.
    • OSMS likely involves a separate immune-mediated mechanism compared to conventional MS.
    • Genetic factors, specifically HLA associations, differentiate OSMS from conventional MS.