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Related Experiment Videos

New directions in retinal research.

W Rowland Taylor1, David I Vaney

  • 1Neurological Sciences Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. taylorw@ohsu.edu

Trends in Neurosciences
|July 10, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) achieve directional vision through spatially offset inhibition from starburst amacrine cells (SBACs). SBACs are directionally tuned, providing specific inhibitory input to DSGCs based on motion direction.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) are crucial for detecting motion direction in the visual field.
  • Previous studies suggested spatially offset inhibition contributes to DSGC direction selectivity.
  • The precise source and mechanism of this directional inhibition remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular source and functional properties of the inhibitory input to DSGCs.
  • To determine how starburst amacrine cells (SBACs) contribute to DSGC direction selectivity.
  • To investigate the mechanism underlying directional tuning in SBACs.

Main Methods:

  • Extracellular and patch-clamp recordings from rabbit DSGCs.
  • Dual recordings between DSGCs and putative inhibitory inputs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calcium (Ca2+) imaging of SBAC terminal processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Inhibition acting on DSGCs originates from SBACs located on the null-preferred side.
    • This inhibitory input is itself direction selective, responding more strongly to motion away from the SBAC soma.
    • SBACs provide direction-specific inhibition to DSGCs with different preferred directions.

    Conclusions:

    • Starburst amacrine cells (SBACs) are the source of direction-selective inhibition in DSGCs.
    • The directional tuning of SBACs, driven by somatic motion, directly underlies DSGC direction selectivity.
    • This provides a cellular mechanism for how the retina processes motion direction.