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Related Concept Videos

Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Xpd/Ercc2 regulates CAK activity and mitotic progression.

Jian Chen1, Stéphane Larochelle, Xiaoming Li

  • 1Present address: Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

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|July 11, 2003
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The Drosophila TFIIH component Xpd negatively regulates Cdk7 kinase activity, impacting cell cycle progression. Xpd downregulation at mitosis enhances Cdk7 activity for cell division and silences transcription.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • General transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a multi-subunit complex crucial for transcription and DNA repair.
  • TFIIH contains the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) subcomplex, comprising Cdk7, cyclin H, and MAT1, which activates cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).
  • Cdk7, as the kinase subunit of TFIIH, phosphorylates RNA polymerase II and other Cdks, regulating transcription and cell cycle progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the TFIIH component Xpd in regulating Cdk7/CAK activity.
  • To determine how Xpd influences cell cycle progression and mitotic events.
  • To elucidate the interplay between Xpd, CAK activity, and transcriptional regulation during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Drosophila as a model organism.
  • Manipulated Xpd levels to observe effects on Cdk7/CAK activity.
  • Assessed Cdk T-loop phosphorylation, mitotic progression, cell proliferation, and transcriptional activity.

Main Results:

  • Excess Xpd titrates CAK activity, leading to decreased Cdk T-loop phosphorylation, mitotic defects, and lethality.
  • Reduced Xpd levels enhance CAK activity and promote cell proliferation.
  • Xpd is downregulated at the onset of mitosis, coinciding with high Cdk1 activity.

Conclusions:

  • Drosophila Xpd negatively regulates Cdk7/CAK activity, thereby controlling cell cycle progression.
  • Xpd downregulation during mitosis upregulates CAK activity, promoting mitotic progression.
  • Mitotic downregulation of Xpd is a key mechanism for silencing basal transcription during cell division.