Gastric autoimmune disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C before, during and after interferon-alpha therapy

To explore the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and the influence of alpha-interferon (IFN) treatment on autoimmune gastritis.

We performed a prospective study on 189 patients with positive anti-HCV and viral RNA enrolled in a 12-month IFN protocol. We evaluated: a) the baseline prevalence of autoimmune gastritis, b) the impact of IFN treatment on development of biochemical signs of autoimmune gastritis (at 3, 6 and 12 months), c) the evolution after IFN withdrawal (12 months) in terms of anti-gastric-parietal-cell antibodies (APCA), gastrin, anti-thyroid, and anti-non-organ-specific antibodies.

APCA positivity and 3-fold gastrin levels were detected in 3 (1.6 %) and 9 (5 %) patients, respectively, at baseline, in 25 (13 %) and 31 (16 %) patients at the end of treatment (both P<0.001, vs baseline), and in 7 (4 %) and 14 (7 %) patients 12 months after withdrawal (P=0.002 and P=0.01 respectively, vs baseline; P=not significant vs end of treatment). The development of autoimmune gastritis was strictly associated with the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis (P =0.0001), no relationship was found with other markers of autoimmunity.

In HCV patients, IFN frequently precipitates latent autoimmune gastritis, particularly in females. Following our 12-month protocol, the phenomenon generally regressed. Since APCA positivity and high gastrin levels are associated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies, development of autoimmune thyroiditis during IFN treatment may provide a surrogate preliminary indicator of possible autoimmune gastritis to limit the need for invasive examinations.