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Dietary n-3 fatty acids decrease osteoclastogenesis and loss of bone mass in ovariectomized mice.

Dongxu Sun1, Aparna Krishnan, Khaliquz Zaman

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|July 12, 2003
PubMed
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Dietary fish oil (FO) reduced bone loss in ovariectomized mice by inhibiting osteoclast formation. This suggests n-3 fatty acids offer a beneficial effect for attenuating osteoporosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Bone Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • n-3 fatty acids from fish oil are known for cardiovascular and autoimmune benefits.
  • Previous studies suggest positive effects on bone mineral density, but mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which dietary fish oil (FO) affects bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice.
  • To determine if FO inhibits osteoclastogenesis and related signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Ovariectomized (OVX) and sham mice were fed diets with corn oil (CO) or fish oil (FO).
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using DXA.
  • Osteoclastogenesis, RANKL expression, NF-kappaB activation, and cytokine production were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • FO-fed OVX mice exhibited significantly less bone mineral density loss compared to CO-fed mice.
  • FO reduced receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression in T-cells.
  • In vitro, n-3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA) inhibited osteoclast formation and NF-kappaB activation.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary fish oil attenuates bone loss in OVX mice.
  • Inhibition of osteoclast generation and activation by n-3 fatty acids is a key mechanism.
  • These findings support the use of fish oil for osteoporosis management.