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The Yanomami Indians in the INTERSALT Study.

Jairo de Jesus Mancilha-Carvalho1, Nelson Albuquerque Souza e Silva

  • 1Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (FM/UFRJ)-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)/MCT and Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia
|July 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Yanomami Indians exhibit exceptionally low blood pressure (BP) and minimal salt intake. Their findings highlight a significant link between higher sodium excretion and elevated BP, even when controlling for other factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Blood pressure (BP) varies significantly across global populations.
  • Lifestyle factors, such as diet and alcohol consumption, are known to influence BP.
  • Understanding BP determinants in diverse indigenous groups offers unique insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between constitutional and biochemical factors and blood pressure (BP) in the Yanomami Indian population.
  • To compare these findings with other global populations studied in the INTERSALT project.
  • To explore potential correlations between lifestyle variables and BP in this isolated community.

Main Methods:

  • The study included Yanomami Indians as part of the larger INTERSALT study (10,079 participants, 52 populations).

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  • Data collected included age, sex, arterial BP, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion, body mass index, and alcohol intake.
  • Standardized protocols were followed for data collection across all participating centers.

    • Main Results:

    • Yanomami participants showed very low urinary sodium excretion (0.9 mmol/24 h) and low mean BP (95.4/61.4 mmHg).
    • No cases of hypertension or obesity were observed; participants had no alcohol consumption.
    • Systolic BP positively correlated with urinary sodium excretion and negatively with urinary potassium excretion, independent of age and body mass index.

    Conclusions:

    • A positive association between salt intake and blood pressure was confirmed across diverse populations, including the Yanomami.
    • The Yanomami's lifestyle provides valuable qualitative data supporting the role of diet in BP regulation.
    • These findings reinforce the impact of sodium on blood pressure across different cultural and environmental contexts.