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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
Venous leg ulcer pain
Siobhan Ryan1, Cathy Eager, R Gary Sibbald
1Woman's College Campus, Sunnybrooke and Woman's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Venous disease and venous leg ulcers are frequently painful. The pain experienced may be constant or intermittent. Constant pain can originate from vascular structures (superficial, deep phlebitis), pitting edema, collagen (lipodermatosclerosis), infection, or scarring (atrophie blanche). Ulcer region pain is often episodic and may be due to surgical or other debridement procedures. Intermittent pain is often related to dressing removal or recent applications of new dressings. An approach to pain control will consider the cause of pain and utilize local measures, regional approaches to edema control, and systemic medication aimed at constant, episodic, or intermittent pain triggers.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer

