Chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis model for tissue engineering: a new twist on a classic model

Tissue-engineering (TE) applications include the isolation, culture, and seeding of cells into a suitable matrix or scaffold before in vivo transplantation. After transplantation, vascularization of the scaffold is a principal limiting factor for cell viability for the first 6-8 days posttransplantation. A model for systematic analysis of this process has been developed. Fertilized White Leghorn eggs were incubated (at 37.8 degrees C in 60% relative humidity) and opened on day 3 of incubation. Preadipocyte-seeded fibrin constructs were implanted in a specially designed plastic cylinder and placed through the opening on the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) on day 8 of incubation. Vascularization of the constructs by chorioallantoic blood vessels was assessed for up to 8 days posttransplantation. The survival rate for embryos receiving transplanted constructs was about 90%. Histology confirmed transplant cell viability at day 4 posttransplantation and vascularization of the constructs by avian endothelial cells began at this time. A new in vivo model to study the effect of angiogenesis in TE constructs, including assessments of viability, proliferation, and differentiation of transplanted cells and biomaterial properties, is presented. Advantages include easy access to the vascular network of the CAM, lack of immunocompetence, low costs, and avoidance of animal experiments.