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Related Experiment Videos

Conditional reflexes as related to hypnosis and hypnotic techniques.

L Alexander

    Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society
    |October 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hypnosis involves more than just patient surrender; the ego remains active even in deep trance states. Encouraging resistance can paradoxically deepen hypnosis, challenging traditional views.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Psychotherapy
    • Hypnotherapy

    Background:

    • Traditional psychoanalytic views of hypnosis emphasize ego-function surrender.
    • These views inadequately explain all observed phenomena in hypnotic states.
    • The patient's ego is not entirely powerless during deep trance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To challenge the traditional concept of hypnosis as mere ego surrender.
    • To highlight the active role of the ego during hypnotic trances.
    • To explore alternative explanations for hypnotic phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of patient ego-state during wartime and post-war studies.
    • Analysis of clinical observations regarding patient resistance and trance induction.
    • Review of established theories and case studies in hypnotherapy.

    Main Results:

    • Patients' egos remain active and not fully surrendered, even in deep trance states.
    • Encouraging patient resistance can be an effective method for inducing trance.
    • Hypnotic relationships often involve an initial dynamic of "one-upmanship."

    Conclusions:

    • Hypnosis is not solely characterized by the surrender of ego functions.
    • The patient's ego maintains a degree of agency throughout the hypnotic process.
    • Alternative conceptual frameworks are needed to fully understand hypnosis.

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