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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Published on: September 18, 2020
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy
1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-ku, Daejeon 301-747, Korea.
Objective:
The role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in human pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis (TB) was assessed by examining its production in clinical samples from patients with active pulmonary TB and tuberculous pleurisy (TBP).
Methods:
Serum was obtained from 26 active pulmonary TB patients [14 early TB (E-TB), and 12 chronic refractory TB (CR-TB)] and 15 healthy tuberculin reactors (HTRs). The monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated and stimulated with purified protein derivatives (PPD) or the 30-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pleural exudates were isolated from 25 patients with TBP and 24 non-TBP patients [malignancy and congestive heart failure (CHF)]. The MCP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:
In sera, the MCP-1 levels of TB patients were similar to those of HTRs. For monocytes, CR-TB patients spontaneously expressed more MCP-1, compared with HTRs and E-TB patients. In addition, MCP-1 production of PPD- or 30-kDa antigen-stimulated monocytes was significantly elevated in CR-TB patients than that from E-TB. Interestingly, the E-TB patients had significantly depressed MCP-1 production by PBMCs in response to PPD or 30-kDa, compared with HTRs and CR-TB patients. In pleural effusions, MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with TBP than in patients with CHF, but lower than in malignant effusions.
Conclusions:
The data suggest that MCP-1 production is not uniquely elevated systemically in TB patients, although MCP-1 production might be elevated by monocytes in the chronic phase of TB or with a local pleural infection.
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