[Instruments for evaluation of memory abilities in children]

This is a review of the more relevant instruments to measure memory abilities of children and adolescents. The strengths, limitations and future developments of these instruments are discussed.

Memory disturbances are present in developing individuals as a consequence of perinatal damage, brain trauma, neuroinfections, epilepsy etc. Also mnesic deficits may be observed as an element of language and learning disorders. Probably all types of amnesic syndromes well known in adults do exist in children, but there are only a few observations documented in the literature. Here are described the available batteries (TOMAL, WRAML, CMS, BEM 144) and specific tests (RBMT C,VADS, CAVLT 2, etc.) that are useful for the diagnostic measurement of verbal and visual memory abilities in children and adolescents; a Spanish version and validation is available for many of these instruments. The use of tests must be preceded by structured clinical interviews and questionnaires for parents and teachers.

In spite of all these instruments, the diagnosis must be based on clinical criteria; new developments of instruments adapted to children aged under five years have to be done. All aspects of memory functions shall be considered procedural, explicit (semantic an autobiographical), prospective, etc. , parallel forms and typifications on more large samples are claimed.