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Progress in silicon-based quantum computing.

R G Clark1, R Brenner, T M Buehler

  • 1Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are advancing quantum computing by fabricating spin and charge qubits using phosphorus in silicon. Two methods, top-down and bottom-up, are being developed for both small-scale and large-scale quantum processors.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Development of quantum computers relies on stable and scalable qubit architectures.
  • Phosphorus donor atoms in silicon offer a promising solid-state platform for qubits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in fabricating and demonstrating spin and charge qubits using phosphorus in silicon.
  • To compare two complementary fabrication approaches: top-down and bottom-up.

Main Methods:

  • Top-down fabrication: keV ion beam implantation of phosphorus with on-chip detector monitoring for single-atom control.
  • Bottom-up fabrication: Scanning tunneling microscope lithography and epitaxial silicon overgrowth for atomic-scale precision.
  • Qubit control and readout: Surface electrodes for voltage pulse manipulation and dual single-electron transistors for fast, high-fidelity readout.

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Main Results:

  • Demonstration of fabrication pathways for both few-qubit devices and large-scale qubit arrays.
  • Achieved single-atom control during ion implantation in the top-down approach.
  • Atomic-scale precision in device construction using the bottom-up approach.

Conclusions:

  • Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods show promise for advancing phosphorus-based quantum computing in silicon.
  • Integrated control and readout mechanisms are crucial for high-performance qubit operation.
  • The reviewed progress lays the groundwork for scalable quantum processors.