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Flower opening and closure: a review.

Wouter G van Doorn1, Uulke Van Meeteren

  • 1Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO), Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. wouter.vandoorn@wur.nl

Journal of Experimental Botany
|July 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Flower opening and closure are complex reproductive traits. Environmental cues like light and humidity, along with internal rhythms, regulate these intricate plant movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Reproductive Botany
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Flower opening and closure are crucial for plant reproduction, facilitating pollination.
  • These movements can be diurnal or nocturnal, single or repetitive, and are primarily driven by cell expansion.
  • Environmental factors like light intensity, humidity, and temperature, as well as endogenous rhythms, influence these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms and regulatory factors controlling flower opening and closure.
  • To highlight the intricate coordination of various internal and external cues in flower movements.
  • To suggest the potential of using Arabidopsis mutants to understand circadian-controlled flower opening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on flower opening and closure mechanisms.
  • Analysis of physiological processes like cell expansion and differential elongation.
  • Discussion of the roles of environmental stimuli (light, humidity, temperature) and endogenous rhythms.

Main Results:

  • Flower opening/closure involves cell expansion driven by osmotic solute changes.
  • Differential elongation, influenced by temperature gradients (e.g., tulip petals), causes repetitive movements.
  • Light intensity, duration, humidity, and circadian rhythms are key regulators, involving photoreceptors like phytochrome and blue light receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Flower opening and closure are complex processes regulated by a sophisticated interplay of endogenous and exogenous factors.
  • These movements are distinct from most other plant growth processes due to their intricate control.
  • Investigating Arabidopsis mutants involved in the circadian clock offers a promising avenue for understanding light-regulated flower movements.

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