Receptors for IgA on phagocytic cells

IgA receptors have been detected on monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and eosinophils, and on phagocytic cells at mucosal sites. These receptors bind both secretory and serum forms of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and require the Ca2 region of the IgA molecule for ligand recognition. Monocytes and PMNs modulate their expression of the IgA receptor upon treatment with cytokines, such as granulocyto-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and lipopolysaccharide. Purified IgA receptors appear as heavily glycosylated molecules with an average molecular weight of 60 kD, dropping to 32 and 36 kD upon treatment with N-glycanase. The cDNA sequence encoding the IgA receptor has been determined by expression cloning, and predicts that the receptor consists of two Ig-like extracellular domaines, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail of 41 residues. Ligation of IgA receptors on phagocytic cells by multivalent IgA complexes induces a variety of responses, including superoxide generation, release of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and killing of various pathogenic microorganisms. Thus the apparent role of these receptors is to amplify the protective effects of the IgA antibody, a function of potential importance to mucosal defense.