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Related Experiment Videos

Ventilatory chemosensitivity in the chick embryo.

Tara M Menna1, Jacopo P Mortola

  • 1Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|July 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Chicken embryos use their chorioallantoic membrane for gas exchange, impacting respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Increased tidal volume is key for ventilation adjustments.

Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The externally pipped chicken embryo relies on both pulmonary and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) gas exchange.
  • Understanding respiratory control mechanisms in developing avian embryos is crucial for developmental biology and physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in gas exchange and its influence on respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in externally pipped chicken embryos.
  • To determine the primary mechanisms of ventilatory control (pulmonary ventilation, tidal volume) under varying oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring oxygen consumption through the CAM (VO2CAM) and lungs (VO2lung).
  • Exposing embryos to varying levels of hypoxia (O2) and hypercapnia (CO2) through lung or whole embryo exposure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing changes in pulmonary ventilation (VE) and tidal volume (VT) in response to environmental gas changes.

    • Main Results:

    • VO2CAM constituted a significant portion (mean ~24%) of total oxygen consumption.
    • Moderate to severe hypoxia caused substantial decreases in VO2, while mild hypoxia and hypercapnia had minor effects.
    • Hypoxia and hypercapnia increased pulmonary ventilation (VE) primarily through tidal volume (VT) increases.
    • CAM gas exchange modulated the ventilatory responses to lung-based hypoxia or hypercapnia, with larger VO2CAM correlating with smaller VE and VT responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased tidal volume is the primary mechanism for expressing hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory chemosensitivity in externally pipped chick embryos.
    • Hypometabolism contributes to hypoxic hyperventilation.
    • Chorioallantoic membrane gas exchange attenuates the ventilatory effects of lung-based hypoxia and hypercapnia.