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Glutamine facilitates chemotherapy while reducing toxicity.

V S Klimberg1, E Nwokedi, L F Hutchins

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
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Glutamine supplementation enhances chemotherapy effectiveness against sarcoma in rats. This dietary addition nearly doubled tumor volume loss from methotrexate while reducing harmful side effects like sepsis and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Chemotherapy dose intensification can improve survival rates.
  • Enterocolitis is a dose-limiting toxicity of intensified chemotherapy.
  • Glutamine has shown protective effects against methotrexate-induced enterocolitis in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a glutamine-supplemented diet on the efficacy of methotrexate chemotherapy.
  • To assess if glutamine enhances the tumoricidal effects of methotrexate.
  • To investigate the effects of glutamine on methotrexate-induced toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Sarcoma-bearing Fisher 344 rats were fed either a standard or glutamine-supplemented elemental diet.
  • Rats received intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate or saline.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tumor volume, weight, glutaminase activity, and morphometrics were measured.
  • Host toxicity was assessed through blood counts, blood cultures, and gut analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutamine supplementation nearly doubled tumor volume loss in rats receiving methotrexate.
    • No significant differences in tumor glutaminase activity or morphometrics were observed.
    • Host toxicity was ameliorated, with decreased bacteremia, sepsis, and mortality.
    • Increased DNA synthesis in the jejunum was noted in glutamine-supplemented rats.

    Conclusions:

    • Glutamine enhances the tumoricidal effectiveness of methotrexate in a rat sarcoma model.
    • Glutamine supplementation reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with methotrexate chemotherapy.
    • Dietary glutamine may represent a strategy to improve the therapeutic index of methotrexate.