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Related Experiment Videos

The Simon effect with wheel-rotation responses.

Dong-Yuan Debbie Wang1, Robert W Proctor, David F Pick

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2004, USA. wdy92@ psych.purdue.edu

Journal of Motor Behavior
|July 23, 2003
PubMed
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This study investigated the Simon effect in wheel-rotation tasks. Task goals and instructed actions, not just hand position, determine response direction.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The Simon effect demonstrates how stimulus-response compatibility influences performance.
  • Previous research primarily focused on manual pointing or key-pressing tasks.
  • The role of action goals in spatial stimulus-response compatibility remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of task goals and instructed actions on the Simon effect in a wheel-rotation task.
  • To determine if different hand placements and response-triggering mechanisms alter spatial compatibility.
  • To elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying action selection in motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments (N=96, 48, 48) involved participants performing clockwise/counterclockwise wheel rotations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tones were presented to the left or right ear, with participants responding based on tone pitch.
  • Variations included hand placement (top, middle, bottom), instruction focus (hand vs. wheel movement), and response-triggering (wheel-controlled cursor vs. response-triggered cursor).

    • Main Results:

    • A Simon effect was observed with top/middle hand placements but not bottom in Experiment 1.
    • In Experiment 2, the Simon effect at the bottom placement depended on whether instructions emphasized hand or wheel movements.
    • Experiment 3 showed the effect was modulated by whether a visual cursor was controlled by the wheel or triggered by the response.

    Conclusions:

    • The direction of the Simon effect is significantly influenced by the nature of the task and the instructed action goal.
    • Motor task goals and the specific action required play a crucial role in shaping spatial stimulus-response compatibility.
    • Findings highlight the importance of considering task context and intentionality in understanding human motor behavior and cognitive control.