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Thromboembolic complications related to indwelling central venous catheters in children

César O Freytes1

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 7880, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. freytes@uthscsa.edu

Current Opinion in Oncology
|July 23, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Central venous catheter use increases thrombosis risk, especially in cancer patients. New research clarifies risks and suggests low molecular weight heparins may prevent catheter-related thrombosis, but more studies are needed.

Area of Science:

  • Thrombosis and Hemostasis
  • Vascular Access Devices
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Central venous catheters are prone to thromboembolic complications.
  • Awareness of new data on incidence and risk factors is crucial due to widespread catheter use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent information on the incidence and predisposing factors of thromboembolic complications associated with indwelling central venous catheters.
  • To highlight new findings relevant to the clinical management of patients with these devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies and reports on catheter-related thrombosis.
  • Analysis of acquired and inherited hypercoagulable disorders in relation to catheter thrombosis.
  • Evaluation of preliminary data on prophylactic anticoagulation.

Main Results:

  • Cancer patients with central venous catheters face defined risks of thromboembolism.
  • Acquired hypercoagulable states (e.g., heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, antiphospholipid syndrome) are linked to thrombosis.
  • Conflicting results exist regarding inherited hypercoagulable disorders; low molecular weight heparins show potential for prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Recent findings aid risk assessment for children with cancer using central venous catheters.
  • Further large, controlled studies are essential for specific populations, like children, to optimize catheter use.
  • Future research should focus on improved prevention strategies for catheter-related thrombosis and infection.
Abstract

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