Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Samuel A Shelburne1, Richard J Hamill

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases (111G), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030-4211, USA.

AIDS Reviews
|July 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves HIV outcomes but can cause immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This syndrome involves an exaggerated immune response to infections, leading to paradoxical worsening in some patients.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SpxA1 and SpxA2 Function as a Stoichiometry-Dependent Regulatory Rheostat Governing Virulence Gene Expression in Group A Streptococcus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

R pyocin sensitivity of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates from different disease types.

Journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same author

Short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes differentiate non-infectious and infectious neutropenic fever in leukemia.

mSystems·2026
Same author

Cumulative cefepime exposure in cancer patients is associated with an increased risk of ertapenem non-susceptible, meropenem susceptible Enterobacterales bacteremia.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Escherichia coli ST131 Drives Carbapenem Use for E. Coli Bloodstream Infections.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

BCM-MD Anderson onco-medicine track: a novel internal medicine residency pathway to strengthen the supportive cancer care workforce.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduces opportunistic infections and mortality in HIV patients.
  • A subset of HAART-treated individuals experiences paradoxical clinical deterioration despite viral suppression and CD4 count improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the phenomenon of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To outline the causes, manifestations, and management strategies for IRIS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical literature on IRIS in the context of HAART.
  • Identification of common opportunistic pathogens and clinical presentations associated with IRIS.
  • Summary of current treatment approaches for IRIS.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • IRIS is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response to pathogens or undefined antigens.
  • Common IRIS manifestations include lymphadenitis (Mycobacterium avium complex), and exacerbations of tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and cytomegalovirus uveitis.
  • Effective management involves continuing HAART and pathogen-specific therapy, alongside anti-inflammatory agents.

Conclusions:

  • IRIS, while causing significant morbidity, indicates a restored inflammatory capacity in HIV patients.
  • Successful management of IRIS can allow for the eventual discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections.