Hyphenation and hypernation the practice and prospects of multiple hyphenation

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Spectroscopy
• Chromatography

Background:

• Hyphenated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are crucial for chemical compound identification.
• Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are widely adopted.
• Complementary information from other spectroscopic detectors is often required for comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review various spectroscopic detectors for hyphenated chromatographic systems.
• To discuss the concept and applications of multiple hyphenation (hypernation).
• To evaluate the practicability and future potential of extensive hypernation in liquid chromatography.

Main Methods:

• Review of online coupling of chromatographic separation with spectroscopic detectors.
• Discussion of combinations including mass spectrometry, atomic emission, FTIR, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and NMR.
• Analysis of multi-detector systems (hypernation) based on both GC and LC.

Main Results:

• Multiple hyphenation, particularly with mass spectrometry as a core detector, enhances analytical capabilities.
• Extensive hypernation in LC, involving up to four spectrometers, is technically feasible and yields valuable results.
• Despite advancements, conventional hyphenated systems are likely to remain the standard for most applications.

Conclusions:

• Hyphenated techniques provide essential structural information for chemical analysis.
• Hypernation offers advanced analytical power, warranting further research and development.
• The practical implementation of hypernation is promising, but conventional methods will persist.