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Related Experiment Videos

Interpersonal dependence and major depression: aetiological inter-relationship and gender differences.

V A Sanathara1, C O Gardner, C A Prescott

  • 1Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

Psychological Medicine
|July 25, 2003
PubMed
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Interpersonal dependency (IPD) is a significant risk factor for major depression (MD), with higher IPD levels in males predicting greater MD risk. Higher female IPD may explain sex differences in MD prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Prior research indicates a strong link between interpersonal dependency (IPD) and major depression (MD) risk.
  • Further clarification is needed on the etiological explanations and gender differences in the IPD-MD relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological explanations for the association between interpersonal dependency (IPD) and major depression (MD).
  • To examine gender differences in the relationship between IPD and MD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized population-based twin samples (N = 7174) across multiple assessment waves.
  • Assessed IPD using the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and MD via SCID diagnoses.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazard models and multiple regression analyses.

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Main Results:

  • Interpersonal dependency (IPD) was strongly associated with lifetime major depression (MD) risk.
  • Pre-morbid IPD predicted future MD onset, and MD episodes increased IPD levels.
  • While females reported higher IPD, IPD was more strongly linked to MD risk in males; controlling for IPD reduced gender-based MD risk associations.

Conclusions:

  • The IPD-MD association is primarily due to IPD as a risk factor, with MD also influencing IPD levels.
  • IPD scores were more predictive of lifetime MD in males than females.
  • Elevated IPD levels in women may contribute to observed sex differences in MD risk.