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Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.

A M Cuevas1, V L Irribarra, O A Castillo

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile. amcuevas@med.puc.cl

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|July 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Soy protein intake significantly improved endothelial function in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. This dietary intervention enhanced flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) independently of changes in plasma lipoprotein levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Postmenopause and hypercholesterolemia are linked to endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in atherosclerosis.
  • While soy protein is known to lower cholesterol, its impact on endothelial function remains under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of isolated soy protein versus caseinate on plasma lipoproteins and endothelial function.
  • To investigate these effects specifically in postmenopausal women diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial involving 18 postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.
  • Participants consumed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and alternated between 4-week periods of soy protein and caseinate supplementation.

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  • Endothelial function was assessed via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, alongside plasma lipoprotein analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Both soy protein and caseinate, combined with a cholesterol-lowering diet, reduced total and LDL-cholesterol compared to pre-study levels.
    • No significant differences in plasma lipid levels were observed between soy protein and caseinate interventions.
    • Soy protein significantly increased FMD compared to baseline and caseinate, while caseinate showed no significant effect on FMD.

    Conclusions:

    • Isolated soy protein intake improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.
    • This vascular benefit occurs independently of significant changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations.
    • Soy protein represents a potential dietary strategy for enhancing cardiovascular health in this population.