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The circadian Clock mutation increases exploratory activity and escape-seeking behavior.

A Easton1, J Arbuzova, F W Turek

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. amyeaston@hotmail.com

Genes, Brain, and Behavior
|July 29, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The Clock gene mutation in mice increases exploratory and escape-seeking behaviors, particularly in females. This suggests the Clock gene regulates behavioral arousal, potentially interacting with sex hormones.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythm disturbances are linked to mood disorders.
  • The role of the circadian pacemaker as a primary cause of altered emotional behavior is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a dysfunctional circadian pacemaker, specifically the Clock gene mutation, can cause altered emotional behavior.
  • To compare the behavioral effects of the Clock mutation in male and female mice.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral tests were used to assess exploratory activity, anxiety, and behavioral despair in Clock mutant and wild-type mice.
  • Tests included the open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test.

Main Results:

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  • Female Clock mutant mice showed significantly increased activity, rearing, and exploration in the elevated plus maze.
  • Both male and female Clock mutant mice exhibited increased swimming in the forced swim test, indicating escape-seeking behavior.
  • Behavioral changes were more pronounced in female mice and were not dependent on a lengthened free-running period.

Conclusions:

  • The Clock mutation leads to increased exploratory and escape-seeking behaviors, not increased anxiety or depression-like behaviors.
  • The Clock gene is implicated in regulating behavioral arousal.
  • Clock gene may interact with sex hormones to influence these behavioral changes.