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Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
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The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to induce or inhibit a biological response. When no natural ligands are present, a receptor exists in an equilibrium of inactive (Ri) and active (Ra) conformations. The inactive form does not produce a response, while the active form generates a basal effect known as constitutive activity.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

The TNF receptor 1: a split personality complex.

Bryan C Barnhart1, Marcus E Peter

  • 1The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Cell
|July 31, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling involves two complexes that control apoptosis. The first complex can activate survival signals, acting as a checkpoint to regulate cell death.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

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Published on: March 22, 2012

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07:12

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Published on: October 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular signaling
  • Apoptosis research

Background:

  • Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) is a key member of the death receptor superfamily.
  • TNFR1 signaling pathways are known to regulate both cell survival and programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the sequential molecular mechanisms underlying TNFR1-mediated apoptotic signaling.
  • To investigate the role of distinct protein complex formations in controlling cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved analyzing the temporal formation of protein complexes downstream of TNFR1 activation.
  • Investigated the functional interplay between early and late signaling complexes.

Main Results:

  • TNFR1 apoptotic signaling occurs through the sequential assembly of two distinct molecular complexes.
  • The initial complex formation is capable of activating pro-survival pathways.
  • The activity of the second complex is modulated by the first complex, establishing a regulatory checkpoint.

Conclusions:

  • TNFR1 signaling integrates survival and death pathways through a sequential complex formation mechanism.
  • This sequential complex formation acts as a critical checkpoint, ensuring regulated execution of apoptosis.