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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

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Sequence-specific interactions in the RNA-binding domain of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor Rho.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2006
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How Rho exerts its muscle on RNA.

Molecular cell·2006
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Identification of a structural element that is essential for two functions of transcription factor NusG.

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Rho-dependent termination and ATPases in transcript termination.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
09:58

RhoC GTPase Activation Assay

Published on: August 22, 2010

Loading Rho to terminate transcription.

John P Richardson1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. richardj@indiana.edu

Cell
|July 31, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial Rho helicase, a key factor in transcription termination, may load onto messenger RNA (mRNA) through an open ring conformation. This structure facilitates binding to nascent transcripts, initiating termination processes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription termination in bacteria is crucial for gene regulation.
  • The Rho helicase is a major factor in bacterial transcription termination.
  • Understanding Rho helicase loading onto RNA is essential for elucidating termination mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural basis of Rho helicase loading onto nascent transcripts.
  • To understand how Rho helicase initiates its function in transcriptional termination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent structural data of Rho helicase bound to nucleic acids.
  • Examination of the organization of RNA-binding domains within the Rho hexamer.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
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Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

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  • Recent structures reveal Rho helicase as a hexameric ring.
  • The ring structure exhibits an open conformation.
  • This opening is sufficiently large to accommodate single-stranded RNA.

Conclusions:

  • The open ring conformation of Rho helicase suggests it is poised for loading onto mRNA.
  • This structural insight provides a potential mechanism for Rho helicase initiation of transcription termination.