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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and coronary heart disease.

T Yamamura1, L M Dong, A Yamamoto

  • 1National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.

Chinese Medical Journal
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Apolipoprotein E4 (apo E4) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, while apo E2 is protective. Apo E isoforms influence low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, impacting heart disease risk, even from childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Serum lipoprotein abnormalities, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), are linked to atherosclerosis.
  • Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apolipoprotein E (Apo E) isoforms and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • To determine the impact of different Apo E phenotypes on serum lipoprotein levels and their relationship to atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in 199 AMI patients and 211 healthy controls.
  • Assessment of Apo E isoform frequencies and phenotypes (e.g., E3/2, E4/3).
  • Investigation of mutant Apo E binding affinity to LDL receptors.

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Main Results:

  • Elevated LDL levels are closely related to atherogenesis in younger patients and those with severe coronary lesions.
  • Apo E4 frequency was higher, and Apo E2 frequency was lower in AMI patients compared to controls.
  • Apo E5 showed higher LDL receptor affinity, suggesting increased hypercholesterolemia risk, while Apo E7 had lower affinity, similar to Apo E2.

Conclusions:

  • Apo E4 is identified as a positive risk factor, and Apo E2 as a negative risk factor for atherosclerosis.
  • Apo E isoforms significantly influence serum LDL levels, contributing to atherosclerosis mechanisms.
  • The effects of Apo E isoforms on serum lipoproteins are observable even in childhood, highlighting early-life risk factors.