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Sex-related differences in heart failure
Leslie C Hussey1, Sonya Hardin
1University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Health & Human Services, School of Nursing, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA.
Insights
Heart failure (HF) affects men and women differently. This review examines sex-related disparities in HF risk factors, symptoms, and treatment responses.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sex Differences in Medicine
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a critical cardiovascular condition where cardiac output is insufficient for bodily demands.
- HF represents the final stage of cardiovascular disease, often following events like myocardial infarction or hypertension.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and highlight the sex-related differences in heart failure.
- To explore disparities in risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment between men and women with HF.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on sex-based differences in heart failure.
Main Results:
- Emerging research indicates significant variations in HF between sexes.
- Differences observed across risk factors, underlying mechanisms, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Understanding sex-specific aspects of HF is crucial for tailored clinical management.
- Further research into these disparities can lead to more effective, individualized treatments for heart failure in both men and women.
Abstract:
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that is generally defined as cardiac output not adequate to meet the circulatory demands of the body. HF is at the end of the continuum of cardiovascular disease and preceded by an initiating event such as myocardial infarction, untreated hypertension, idiopathic cause, congenital heart disease, or pulmonary hypertension. In recent years, research has revealed differences in various aspects of HF between men and women including risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to review these sex-related differences between men and women who live with HF.