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Within-case and across-case approaches to qualitative data analysis.

Lioness Ayres1, Karen Kavanaugh, Kathleen A Knafl

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K6/250 Clinical Science Center, Madison, WI 53792-2455, USA.

Qualitative Health Research
|August 2, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Qualitative research can generalize findings by integrating case-specific details with broader coding. This approach preserves contextual richness while enabling comparison across multiple accounts for robust conclusions.

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Qualitative Research Methods

Background:

  • Generalizations in qualitative research are often tied to individual experiences.
  • Traditional coding methods can reduce contextual richness.
  • Balancing generalization with context is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for producing contextually grounded, generalizable qualitative findings.
  • To illustrate how to combine across-case and within-case analysis.
  • To address the challenge of comparing individual accounts for broader insights.

Main Methods:

  • Describing how three qualitative researchers managed data.
  • Combining across-case coding with within-case analysis techniques.
  • Utilizing a variety of data management and analysis strategies.

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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful integration of coding with detailed case analysis.
  • Achieved findings that are both contextually grounded and generalizable.
  • Showcased practical application of combined analytical approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Effective qualitative generalization requires integrating diverse analytical techniques.
  • Preserving contextual detail enhances the validity of broader findings.
  • Combined within-case and across-case methods offer a robust approach to qualitative analysis.