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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
Published on: July 22, 2022
Electrode systems for measuring cardiac impedances using optical transmembrane potential sensors and interstitial
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, 136 Hudson Engineering Bldg., Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA. roger.barr@duke.edu
Abstract:
The cardiac electrical substrate is a challenge to direct measurement of its properties. Optical technology together with the capability to fabricate small electrodes at close spacings opens new possibilities. Here, those possibilities are explored from a theoretical viewpoint. It appears that with careful measurements from a well-designed set of electrodes one can obtain structural conductivities, separating intracellular from interstitial values, and longitudinal from transverse. Resting membrane resistance also can be obtained.
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